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Poverty due to exponential population growth, hyperinflation, and corruption.Also a strong market in countries with immigrants from these places (e.g., the Chinese living in the US).Horns, dagger handles: Yemen (carved dagger handle is status symbol).All rhino products: mostly China and Taiwan, but also Burma, Thailand, and Nepal.Asian ("fire") horns thought by some to be more potent than African ("water") horns resulting in more hunting pressure for Asian species.Horns are essentially the same chemical structure as hair composed of keratin.An aphrodisiac: contrary to popular thought, rarely used this way mostly by the Gujaratis in India.Purported to help fevers, headaches, toxins, typhoid, jaundice, rashes, vomiting or excreting blood, to keep evil away, etc.rhinos revisit resting and watering spots Sedentary nature, and regular activity patterns also make it easier for poachers to find them.In Recent times, rhinos have learned some avoidance tactics.Prior to human encroachment, rhinos did not suffer from predation pressure and therefore, did not evolve behavior or sensory capability to avoid predators.Poor eyesight enables poachers to easily target rhinos, as long as they are down wind.More vulnerable to disease, inbreeding, and local extinction.Management through sustainable use is controversial.Sustainable use (ecotourism, trophy hunting, horn harvesting, and trade in rhino products).The threat of poaching is still so prevalent, that some conservationists condone the practice, thus eliminating the temptation to poachers.Assess the value of dehorning managed populations.Many poached after wandering off a reserve looking for food during a drought.Imperative to understand the seasonal shift in diet when setting up protective reserves.Targeted research to examine seasonal diet.Most rhinos now live in protected, managed game reserves.longipes Extinct (2020 assessment) (Emslie 2020e) minor Critically Endangered (2020 assessment) (Emslie 2020d)​​ michaeli Critically Endangered (2020 assessment) (Emslie 2020c)​​ bicornis Near Threatened (2020 assessment) (Emslie 2020b)

Diceros bicornis: Critically Endangered (2020 assessment) (Emslie 2020a).2010: 4,880 (latest estimate) - steady increase over past 15 years.1995: 2,410 (low point) - 98% decline since 1960 due to large-scale poaching.